HIV screening (serology)

Infectious Disease

Adolescents and adultsAt least once; repeat based on risk (and during pregnancy)5–20 minutes

HIV screening detects infection early. Treatment is highly effective and reduces transmission.

Guidance for your location

Location

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Recommended Age

Adolescents and adults

Frequency

At least once; repeat based on risk (and during pregnancy)

Duration

5–20 minutes

Overview

HIV screening is typically done with a blood test that detects HIV antibodies and/or antigen. Early diagnosis allows prompt treatment, which helps people live long, healthy lives and reduces the chance of passing HIV to others. Because of “window periods,” timing matters after an exposure; clinicians may recommend repeat testing.

Who Should Get This Screening

Most adults should be tested at least once.
People with ongoing risk (new/multiple partners, other STIs, needle sharing) should test more often.
Pregnancy: HIV screening is commonly part of routine prenatal bloodwork.
If you had a recent exposure or symptoms of acute HIV, seek urgent assessment. Testing choice and timing matters.

What to Expect

A blood sample is taken (some settings also offer rapid tests). If a screening test is reactive, confirmatory testing is performed. Results timing varies by test and clinic.

How to Prepare

Follow these tips to prepare for your screening

No special preparation.

Benefits

Early treatment improves long-term outcomes.
Reduces transmission risk when appropriately treated.
Provides clarity and access to support services.

Things to Consider

Minor discomfort or bruising from blood draw.
Emotional stress while waiting for results; false positives are uncommon but can occur and are confirmed with follow-up testing.

Guideline Source: Infectious disease screening guidance

This information is provided for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.