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HIV screening (serology)

Infectious Disease

Adolescents and adultsAt least once; repeat based on risk (and during pregnancy)5–20 minutes

HIV screening detects infection early. Treatment is highly effective and reduces transmission.

Guidance for your location

Location
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Recommended Age
Adolescents and adults
Frequency
At least once; repeat based on risk (and during pregnancy)
Duration
5–20 minutes

Overview

HIV screening is typically done with a blood test that detects HIV antibodies and/or antigen. Early diagnosis allows prompt treatment, which helps people live long, healthy lives and reduces the chance of passing HIV to others. Because of “window periods,” timing matters after an exposure; clinicians may recommend repeat testing.

Who Should Get This Screening

  • Most adults should be tested at least once.
  • People with ongoing risk (new/multiple partners, other STIs, needle sharing) should test more often.
  • Pregnancy: HIV screening is commonly part of routine prenatal bloodwork.
  • If you had a recent exposure or symptoms of acute HIV, seek urgent assessment. Testing choice and timing matters.

What to Expect

A blood sample is taken (some settings also offer rapid tests). If a screening test is reactive, confirmatory testing is performed. Results timing varies by test and clinic.

How to Prepare

Follow these tips to prepare for your screening

  • No special preparation.

Benefits

  • Early treatment improves long-term outcomes.
  • Reduces transmission risk when appropriately treated.
  • Provides clarity and access to support services.

Things to Consider

  • Minor discomfort or bruising from blood draw.
  • Emotional stress while waiting for results; false positives are uncommon but can occur and are confirmed with follow-up testing.

Guideline Source: Infectious disease screening guidance

This information is provided for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.