Type 2 diabetes screening (A1C and/or fasting plasma glucose)

Cardiometabolic

Adults age 40+ in Canada, or younger if risk factors are presentEvery 3 years from age 40 in Canada; earlier or more often if high risk5–10 minutes (plus fasting time if required)

Blood tests like A1C and fasting plasma glucose can detect prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes early.

Guidance for your location

Location

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Recommended Age

Adults age 40+ in Canada, or younger if risk factors are present

Frequency

Every 3 years from age 40 in Canada; earlier or more often if high risk

Duration

5–10 minutes (plus fasting time if required)

Overview

A1C estimates average blood glucose over roughly 2–3 months. Fasting plasma glucose measures your blood sugar after fasting. These tests are used to detect prediabetes and diabetes so that lifestyle changes and treatment can start early. In Canada, adults age 40 and older are generally screened every 3 years, and people with additional risk factors may need earlier or more frequent testing. Abnormal results are often confirmed with repeat testing and interpreted in context.

Who Should Get This Screening

In Canada: adults age 40 and older, even without symptoms.
Adults younger than 40 when additional risk factors are present, such as higher weight, family history, high blood pressure, smoking, kidney disease, heart disease, PCOS, or gestational diabetes history.
Adults with elevated risk based on a risk tool result may need earlier or more frequent testing.
People on medications that can raise blood sugar (for example, long-term steroids) may need testing.
Anyone with symptoms (excess thirst, frequent urination, unexpected weight loss, blurry vision) should be evaluated diagnostically.
Pregnancy uses a different protocol (gestational diabetes screening) even if you have a normal A1C.

What to Expect

A blood sample is taken for A1C and/or fasting glucose. Some clinics may order an oral glucose tolerance test in specific cases.

How to Prepare

Follow these tips to prepare for your screening

A1C does not require fasting.
If fasting glucose is ordered, fast 8–12 hours (water is OK) and follow medication instructions from your clinician.
Tell the lab if you are pregnant; pregnancy screening uses different tests and timing.

Benefits

Detects prediabetes when lifestyle changes can prevent or delay Type 2 diabetes.
Earlier diagnosis reduces risk of long-term complications.
Objective lab measurement that can be tracked over time.

Things to Consider

May require repeat testing to confirm an abnormal result.
Minor discomfort or bruising from blood draw.
A1C may be less accurate in some conditions (certain anemias or hemoglobin variants); your clinician may choose alternative tests.

Guideline Source: Diabetes Canada screening and diagnosis guidance

This information is provided for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.