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Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)

Diabetes Monitoring

5 minutesBlood draw

A blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.

Duration
5 minutes
Sample Type
Blood draw ()
Results Timeline
1-3 business days
Can be done at any time of day

How to Prepare

Follow these instructions to ensure accurate test results

No fasting needed
You can eat and drink normally before this test
24 hours before
Maintain your usual diet and medication schedule

Day of Your Test

  • Take all regular medications as prescribed
  • Stay well hydrated
  • Bring your insurance card and ID

What This Measures

To diagnose diabetes or prediabetes, and monitor how well diabetes is being managed.

  • •Percentage of hemoglobin proteins in red blood cells that are coated with sugar
  • •Long-term blood sugar control (2-3 month average)
  • •Risk of diabetes complications

Why This Test Matters

Unlike daily glucose tests, A1C provides a complete picture of blood sugar control over time. Higher levels increase risk of complications like kidney disease, nerve damage, vision problems, and heart disease.

Normal Ranges

Normal
Low risk of diabetes
Below 5.7%
Prediabetes
Increased risk, lifestyle changes recommended
5.7% - 6.4%
Diabetes
Diagnostic threshold
6.5% or higher
Target for diabetics
Goal for most adults with diabetes
Below 7.0%

Reference intervals vary by laboratory, analyzer, methodology, population, and units. The ranges shown here are for education only. Always interpret your results against the reference interval printed on your own lab report.

After the Test

  • No restrictions - resume normal activities immediately
  • Minor bruising at the needle site is normal
  • Apply pressure if bleeding continues

Understanding Results

If High

Elevated A1C indicates poor blood sugar control or undiagnosed diabetes. Your doctor may recommend medication adjustments, lifestyle changes, or further testing.

If Low

Very low A1C can indicate hypoglycemia risk. May need medication adjustment or more frequent glucose monitoring.

Good to Know

  • Results can vary slightly between labs due to different testing methods
  • Recent blood transfusions or anemia can affect accuracy
  • Some conditions like kidney disease may require different monitoring

Follow Up

  • •Discuss results with your doctor within 1-2 weeks
  • •If diabetic: typically retest every 3-6 months
  • •If prediabetic: retest annually and implement lifestyle changes

Source: Test preparation information is based on standard clinical guidelines and laboratory best practices. This information is provided for reference purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider or laboratory.